Murray Gell-Mann, born 1929 in New York City, obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 1951 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Honoring “his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions” the Nobel committee awarded him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1969. Gell-Mann had found that subatomic particles like neutrons and protons are composed of building blocks that he named “quarks”. As Distinguished Fellow at the Santa Fe Institute and Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, Gell-Mann continues his research in the areas of information processing and computation.